Confluence of two greats : When Einstein Met Tagore
Collision and
convergence in Truth and Beauty at the intersection of science and
spirituality.
On July 14, 1930, Albert
Einstein welcomed into his home on the outskirts of Berlin the
Indian philosopher Rabindranath
Tagore. The two proceeded to have one the most stimulating,
intellectually riveting conversations in history, exploring the age-old
friction between science and
religion. Science and the Indian Tradition: When Einstein Met Tagore recounts
the historic encounter, amidst a broader discussion of the intellectual
renaissance that swept India in the early twentieth century, germinating a
curious osmosis of Indian traditions and secular Western scientific doctrine.
The following
excerpt from one of Einstein and Tagore’s conversations dances between
previously examined definitions of science, beauty, consciousness,
and philosophy in
a masterful meditation on the most fundamental questions of human existence.
EINSTEIN: Do
you believe in the Divine as isolated from the world?
TAGORE: Not
isolated. The infinite personality of Man comprehends the Universe. There
cannot be anything that cannot be subsumed by the human personality, and this
proves that the Truth of the Universe is human Truth.
I have taken a scientific fact to explain this — Matter
is composed of protons and electrons, with gaps between them; but matter may
seem to be solid. Similarly humanity is composed of individuals, yet they have
their interconnection of human relationship, which gives living unity to man’s
world. The entire universe is linked up with us in a similar manner, it is a
human universe. I have pursued this thought through art, literature and the
religious consciousness of man.
EINSTEIN: There
are two different conceptions about the nature of the universe: (1) The world
as a unity dependent on humanity. (2) The world as a reality independent of the
human factor.
TAGORE: When
our universe is in harmony with Man, the eternal, we know it as Truth, we feel
it as beauty.
EINSTEIN: This
is the purely human conception of the universe.
TAGORE: There
can be no other conception. This world is a human world — the scientific view
of it is also that of the scientific man. There is some standard of reason and
enjoyment which gives it Truth, the standard of the Eternal Man whose
experiences are through our experiences.
EINSTEIN: This
is a realization of the human entity.
TAGORE: Yes,
one eternal entity. We have to realize it through our emotions and activities.
We realized the Supreme Man who has no individual limitations through our
limitations. Science is concerned with that which is not confined to
individuals; it is the impersonal human world of Truths. Religion realizes
these Truths and links them up with our deeper needs; our individual
consciousness of Truth gains universal significance. Religion applies values to
Truth, and we know this Truth as good through our own harmony with it.
EINSTEIN: Truth,
then, or Beauty is not independent of Man?
TAGORE: No.
EINSTEIN: If
there would be no human beings any more, the Apollo of Belvedere would no
longer be beautiful.
TAGORE: No.
EINSTEIN: I
agree with regard to this conception of Beauty, but not with regard to Truth.
TAGORE: Why
not? Truth is realized through man.
EINSTEIN: I
cannot prove that my conception is right, but that is my religion.
TAGORE: Beauty
is in the ideal of perfect harmony which is in the Universal Being; Truth the
perfect comprehension of the Universal Mind. We individuals approach it through
our own mistakes and blunders, through our accumulated experiences, through our
illumined consciousness — how, otherwise, can we know Truth?
EINSTEIN: I
cannot prove scientifically that Truth must be conceived as a Truth that is
valid independent of humanity; but I believe it firmly. I believe, for
instance, that the Pythagorean theorem in geometry states something that is
approximately true, independent of the existence of man. Anyway, if there is a
reality independent of man, there is also a Truth relative to this reality; and
in the same way the negation of the first engenders a negation of the existence
of the latter.
TAGORE: Truth,
which is one with the Universal Being, must essentially be human, otherwise
whatever we individuals realize as true can never be called truth – at least
the Truth which is described as scientific and which only can be reached
through the process of logic, in other words, by an organ of thoughts which is
human. According to Indian Philosophy there is Brahman, the absolute Truth,
which cannot be conceived by the isolation of the individual mind or described
by words but can only be realized by completely merging the individual in its
infinity. But such a Truth cannot belong to Science. The nature of Truth which
we are discussing is an appearance – that is to say, what appears to be true to
the human mind and therefore is human, and may be called maya or
illusion.
EINSTEIN: So according
to your conception, which may be the Indian conception, it is not the illusion
of the individual, but of humanity as a whole.
TAGORE: The
species also belongs to a unity, to humanity. Therefore the entire human mind
realizes Truth; the Indian or the European mind meet in a common realization.
EINSTEIN: The
word species is used in German for all human beings, as a matter of fact, even
the apes and the frogs would belong to it.
TAGORE: In
science we go through the discipline of eliminating the personal limitations of
our individual minds and thus reach that comprehension of Truth which is in the
mind of the Universal Man.
EINSTEIN: The
problem begins whether Truth is independent of our consciousness.
TAGORE: What
we call truth lies in the rational harmony between the subjective and objective
aspects of reality, both of which belong to the super-personal man.
EINSTEIN: Even
in our everyday life we feel compelled to ascribe a reality independent of man
to the objects we use. We do this to connect the experiences of our senses in a
reasonable way. For instance, if nobody is in this house, yet that table
remains where it is.
TAGORE: Yes,
it remains outside the individual mind, but not the universal mind. The table
which I perceive is perceptible by the same kind of consciousness which I
possess.
EINSTEIN: If
nobody would be in the house the table would exist all the same — but this is
already illegitimate from your point of view — because we cannot explain what
it means that the table is there, independently of us.
Our natural point of view in regard to the existence of
truth apart from humanity cannot be explained or proved, but it is a belief which
nobody can lack — no primitive beings even. We attribute to Truth a super-human
objectivity; it is indispensable for us, this reality which is independent of
our existence and our experience and our mind — though we cannot say what it
means.
TAGORE: Science
has proved that the table as a solid object is an appearance and therefore that
which the human mind perceives as a table would not exist if that mind were
naught. At the same time it must be admitted that the fact, that the ultimate
physical reality is nothing but a multitude of separate revolving centres of
electric force, also belongs to the human mind.
In the apprehension of Truth there is an eternal
conflict between the universal human mind and the same mind confined in the
individual. The perpetual process of reconciliation is being carried on in our
science, philosophy, in our ethics. In any case, if there be any Truth
absolutely unrelated to humanity then for us it is absolutely non-existing.
It is not difficult to imagine a mind to which the sequence
of things happens not in space but only in time like the sequence of notes in
music. For such a mind such conception of reality is akin to the musical
reality in which Pythagorean geometry can have no meaning. There is the reality
of paper, infinitely different from the reality of literature. For the kind of
mind possessed by the moth which eats that paper literature is absolutely
non-existent, yet for Man’s mind literature has a greater value of Truth than
the paper itself. In a similar manner if there be some Truth which has no
sensuous or rational relation to the human mind, it will ever remain as nothing
so long as we remain human beings.
EINSTEIN: Then
I am more religious than you are!
TAGORE: My
religion is in the reconciliation of the Super-personal Man, the universal
human spirit, in my own individual being.
source: brainpicklings.com